Saturday, October 17, 2026

Review of The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology by Ray Kurzweil

This book review was written by Eugene Kernes   

Book can be found in: 
Genre = Science
Book Club Event = Book List (12/05/2026)
Intriguing Connections = How Does Digital Technology Modify Society?, 


Watch Short Review

Excerpts

“To this day, I remain convinced of this basic philosophy: no matter what quandaries we face – business problems, health issues, relationship difficulties, as well as the great scientific, social, and cultural challenges of our time – there is an idea that can enable us to prevail.  Furthermore, we can find that idea.  And when we find it, we need to implement it.  My life has been shaped by this imperative.  The power of an idea – this is itself an idea.” – Ray Kurzweil, Prologue: The Power of Ideas, Page 24

 

“Although it may seem difficult to envision the capabilities of a future civilization whose intelligence vastly outstrips our own, our ability to create models of reality in our minds enables us to articulate meaningful insights into the implications of this impending merger of our biological thinking with the nonbiological intelligence we are creating.” – Ray Kurzweil, Prologue: The Power of Ideas, Page 27

 

“The key idea underlying the impending Singularity is that the pace of change of our human-created technology is accelerating and its powers are expanding at an exponential pace.  Exponential growth is deceptive.  It starts out almost imperceptibly and then explodes with unexpected fury – unexpected, that is, if one does not take care to follow its trajectory.” – Ray Kurzweil, Chapter One: The Six Epochs, Page 30


Review

Is This An Overview?

There is power in an idea.  An idea can overcome any challenge.  Challenges and conflicts in business, relationships, science, and culture can be overcome by implementing an appropriate idea.  People can envision a future, can foresee problems, and use those findings to adjust what can be.  The Singularity is a reference to the impact of rapid technological change that transforms society.  The rate of change of human created technology is exponential, rather than linear.  With exponential change, the initial change is slow but then becomes exceedingly fast. 

 

As there are limits to biological thinking, humans are merging with nonbiological intelligence that humans are creating.   Nonbiological portions of intelligence will give people power over their own fate.  Intelligence that will culminate into three revolutions.  The revolutions in Genetics, Nanotechnology, and Robotics.  Nanotechnology will enable the reconstruction of biology through every molecule.  Robotics will enable intelligence beyond human capabilities.  Genetics will bioengineer any biological difficulty.

 

Caveats?

The focus are the benefits of technology, with some ideas to the problems.  Technology is assumed to provide mainly benefits, will keep the best of what humans have to offer, and that the benefits develop faster than the problems of the technologies.  Implicit assumptions are that people agree on what the best human traits are, and that humans have the same wants from technology.  The problem with the assumptions, is that there are conflicts of interest in what people want from technology.  

 

Various potential technologies are assumed to exist in the future, often based on practical science.  But sometimes, the explanations and ideas appear to be based on science but are not.  This book made various claims about what should have occurred, making this book an interesting retrospective about the capabilities of technology and their limitations.   


Questions to Consider while Reading the Book

•What is the raison d’etre of the book?  For what purpose did the author write the book?  Why do people read this book?
•What are some limitations of the book?
•To whom would you suggest this book?
•What is the power of an idea?
•What can be done with models of reality?
•What is the effect of the limits on biological thinking? 
•What is the Singularity?
•What are the six epochs?
•What defines information?
•What is Moore’s Law?
•What is the effect of a transistor’s size?
•What are the three revolutions of the 21st century? 
•What technologies are possible in the future? 

Book Details
Publisher:               Penguin Books [Penguin Group]
Edition ISBN:         9781101218884
Pages to read:          481
Publication:             2006
1st Edition:              2005
Format:                    eBook 

Ratings out of 5:
Readability    5
Content          2
Overall          2






Tuesday, October 13, 2026

Review of Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity edited by Mike Featherstone

This book review was written by Eugene Kernes   

Book can be found in: 
Genre = Sociology


Watch Short Review

Excerpts

“Starting from that point, I will argue that it is not the nation-state in trade, diplomacy, or war that makes an international system, but an international system that makes a state trade, act diplomatically, and go to war.  This inversion of the utilitarian logic is at the heart of the globological (sociology on a world scale) critique of international relations theory.” – Albert Bergesen, Turing World-System Theory on its Head, Page 76


“There is now a world culture, but we had better make sure that we understand what this means.  It is marked by an organization of diversity rather than by a replication of uniformity.  No total homogenization of systems of meaning and expression has occurred, nor does it appear likely that there will be one any time soon.  But the world has become one network of social relationships, and between its different regions there is a flow of meanings as well as of people and goods.” – Ulf Hannerz, Cosmopolitans and Locals in World Culture, Page 237


“An examination of conflicts and their relationship with culture also needs to take heed of the specific conditions under which conflicts probably arise.  Intercultural tensions and misunderstandings occur if any of the participants in intercultural communication implicitly or explicitly acts in violation of others’ expectations.  Where cultural constraints are low, a relatively high level of insecurity and risk prevails in the intercultural interaction.  Conversely, if there is a high degree of cultural constraint the prevailing level of insecurity and risk is relatively low.  The potential for conflict between strangers is relatively greater in situations with low cultural constraints than in those with high constraints.  To put it another way, the danger of committing an error of interaction is greater when there are no specific rules governing and guiding the various episodes of interaction.” – Volkmar Gessner, and Angelika Schade, Conflicts of a Culture In Cross-border Legal Relations, Pages 258-259


Review

Is This An Overview?

Global culture is marked by diversity rather than uniformity.  Composed of a network of social relationships, and flows of meaning and people across borders.  Methods of communication that carry local cultures across the globe.  A collection of local cultures, which are better understood within the context of other cultures than in isolation.

 

Cultures define differences between groups.  Each person can participate in many cultures.  Conflicts and misunderstandings occur during intercultural exchange when there are violations of expectations of behavior.  Guidelines or governing rules that determine how to interact between cultures are used to prevent risk of cultural animosity.  Individual behavior shape and is shaped by culture.  International systems are not made by diplomacy, rather, international systems cause states to behave diplomatically.

 

Caveats?

This book can be difficult to read.  The writing style of the diverse authors is generally lengthy prose descriptions of abstract topics.  At times, the different authors discuss the same topic differently, without becoming more informative.


Questions to Consider while Reading the Book

•What is the raison d’etre of the book?  For what purpose did the author write the book?  Why do people read this book?
•What are some limitations of the book?
•To whom would you suggest this book?
•What is culture? 
•What limits the developments of a global culture?
•What are third cultures? 
•How do cultures influence behaviors?
•How to think of local cultures?
•What are the outcomes of intercultural communication? 

Book Details
Ancillary Author:   Mike Featherstone, Roland Robertson, Immanuel Wallerstein, Roy Boyne, Albert Bergesen, Peter Worsley, Margaret Archer, Alain Touraine, Zygmunt Bauman, Anthony D. Smith, Friedrich H. Tenbruck, Johann P. Arnason, Ulf Hannerz, Volkmar Gessner, Angelika Schade, Yves Dezalay, Arjun Appadurai, Jonathan Friedman, John O'Neill, Bryan S. Turner, Stephen Mennell, Peter F. Beyer, Anthony King
Publisher:               SAGE Publications
Edition ISBN:         9780803983229
Pages to read:          410
Publication:             1990
1st Edition:              1990
Format:                    Paperback 

Ratings out of 5:
Readability    2
Content          2
Overall          1






Friday, October 9, 2026

Review of Why We're Polarized by Ezra Klein

This book review was written by Eugene Kernes   

Book can be found in: 
Genre = Politics
Book Club Event = Book List (11/28/2026)


Watch Short Review

Excerpts

“We are so locked into our political identities that there is virtually no candidate, no information, no condition, that can force us to change our minds.  We will justify almost anything or anyone so long as it helps our side, and the result is a politics devoid of guardrails, standards, persuasion, or accountability.” – Ezra Klein, Introduction: What Didn’t Happen, Page 9


“Society needs lots of different kinds of people, with lots of different kinds of psychologies, to thrive.  There are times when a mistrust of outsiders is necessary for a culture to repel a threat.  There are times when enthusiasm about change is the only thing standing between a society and stagnation.  Open isn’t better than closed.  Conscientious is a trait, not a compliment.  Evolutionarily, the power is in the mix of outlooks, not in any one outlook – that’s why this psychological diversity has survived.” – Ezra Klein, Chapter 2: The Dixiecrat Dilemma, Page 53


“I want to dwell on this for a minute, because it’s an insane finding: being better at math made partisans less likely to solve the problem correctly when solving the problem correctly meant betraying their political instincts.  People weren’t reasoning to get the right answer; they were reasoning to get the answer that they wanted to be right.” – Ezra Klein, Chapter, Page 91


Review

Is This An Overview?

There was a time in American politics that the different parties appeared to be similar.  Party affiliation was not a signifier of principles and perspectives of the individual members.  There was a want for polarization of the parties, to enable voters to differentiate the parties.  With the advent of more data about voters, the parties were able to target voters and develop ideologies that would better sort voters into the parties.  A self-reinforcing positive feedback cycle of politicians appealing to a more polarized public, which polarizes the public further.  The polarization has become so effective, that Americans have become locked into political identities.  Voters are no longer persuadable to change their mind due to candidate behavior, or policy initiatives.  Elections have become about motivating the people who already agree with party ideology, to go vote.  Supreme Court judges are chosen for party loyalty rather than merit. 

 

Polarization creates polarization, but not necessarily extremism.  People defer to group decisions because groups collectively know more than any individual, making group decisions more likely to be accurate.  People override their personal views about a policy in favor of the group’s decisions.  This has the effect of seeking to validate evidence of group’s ideas, while opposing the decisions of other groups.  Rather than seeking to have the appropriate answers, people reason to an answer that supports their group.  For partisans, an expert becomes someone credentialed that agrees with the partisan. 

 

Among the causes of problems of polarization, is the weaponization of identity.  Individuals have diverse identities, but political identities have become amplified and prominent.  Those not in the group, become treated with skepticism and hostility.  People care less about their party, but will vote for their party because of their dislike of the opposing party.  Policies that initially have bipartisan support due to merit, become partisan when a party makes the policy their own.  Society needs psychological diversity, but the parties have become psychologically homogenous.  There is less ideological overlap within the groups.

 

Caveats?

This book is focused on the system of politics, not on the individuals or groups.  The individuals and groups become simplified.  There are explanations that need to be refined, to prevent misunderstandings.  There are limits to how to manage the problems with polarization.   


Questions to Consider while Reading the Book

•What is the raison d’etre of the book?  For what purpose did the author write the book?  Why do people read this book?
•What are some limitations of the book?
•To whom would you suggest this book?
•Why has voting behavior become predictable? 
•Why think in systems?  
•What is the polarization feedback loop?
•What is identity politics?  
•What was the political polarization situation during the 1950s?
•How has party affiliation evolved? 
•What is negative partisanship? 
•Who were the Dixiecrats?
•What is the effect of sorting?
•What does the classification of ‘them’ do to decision making?
•What is the effect of being without a group, of loneliness? 
•Who supported universal healthcare?  
•What are the benefits of groups? 
•How do belonging to a group affect an individual’s decision making?
•What is the motivation of a party?
•What happens to intelligent people when there is evidence of their group’s ideas being wrong?
•What is an expert?
•How to activate someone’s identity?
•What happens to data gaps during transitions of power?
•Why do people follow politics?
•What is the history of journalism? 
•How to win an election? 
•What does it mean to have weak parties but strong partisanship? 
•How are Supreme Court judges selected?
•How to manage polarization? 

Book Details
Edition:                   First Avid Reader Press hardcover edition
Publisher:               Avid Reader Press [Simon & Schuster]
Edition ISBN:         9781476700397
Pages to read:          238
Publication:             2021
1st Edition:              2020
Format:                    eBook 

Ratings out of 5:
Readability    5
Content          4
Overall          5






Monday, October 5, 2026

Review of Reclaim Your Mind: How to regain your attention, beat burnout and protect your mind from AI by Francesc Grau

This book review was written by Eugene Kernes   

Book can be found in: 
Book Club Event = Book List (12/12/2026)
Intriguing Connections = 1) Ways To Help Oneself and Life Lessons, 


Watch Short Review

Excerpts

“The arrival of generative Artificial Intelligence promised to free us from tedious tasks, give us more free time, and boost our creativity. Yet, for most of us, it has done the exact opposite. It has raised productivity expectations to new heights, flooded our communication channels with an unmanageable volume of information, and turned our attention into the most coveted and exploited resource on the planet.” – Francesc Grau, Introduction, Page 4


“There’s also the trap of activity metrics. Many companies measure employee productivity by tracking activity: number of emails sent, messages replied to, hours logged into the system, documents produced. These metrics are easy to count, but they measure activity, not impact. An employee who spends their day replying to emails and generating AI-driven documents might rack up sky-high activity stats while contributing no real value to the organization.” – Francesc Grau, Chapter 1: The Myth of infinite Productivity, Page 11


“If you stop walking and rely on a wheelchair every day, your leg muscles will weaken. It’s a basic biological rule: use it or lose it. The same goes for our cognitive abilities. As we delegate more and more thinking tasks to artificial intelligence—from writing emails to summarizing books or making strategic decisions—we risk letting our own mental "muscles" atrophy.” – Francesc Grau, Chapter 5: The Erosion of Human Agency, Page 39

Excerpts provided with permission of the author


Review

Is This An Overview?

As more and more thinking becomes delegated to search engines, to artificial intelligence, people have risked their own capacity to think.  By outsourcing thinking, people do not develop their own views, ideas, and critical analysis skills. 

 

When systems become more efficient, there are claims that people would need to work less.  In practice, efficiency causes people to work more.  People start to take on more responsibility.  Rather than reduce the workload, efficiency broadens what is achievable.  Artificial intelligence had the same efficiency claim, as artificial intelligence was meant to provide people with more free time.  But what happened was the creation of a flood of information that demands attention.  A lot more content that needs to be supervised, to be edited.  Artificial intelligence has enabled employees to reply to more emails, generate more documents, but that content is often useless.  Producing more useless content does not contribute value to the organization, while wasting organizational resources.

 

People have limited mental bandwidth, the ability to process information.  The increased amount of information, the continuous stream of content, along with the culture of being always available, has taxed the mental bandwidth enough to cause mental health problems.  As the mental bandwidth has been overloaded, people have lost the ability to concentrate which reduced the quality of decision making and cost creative risk taking.  The brain needs time to recover, to restore cognitive ability, but there is no longer time to recover.  The Cognitive Resistance System are practical ways to regain the ability to think.

 

Caveats?

Even for a short book, the people who are most in need of the advice, might be the least capable of considering the advice.  Thinking about how to recover is limited for those whose concentration was harmed by overloading their mental bandwidth. 


Questions to Consider while Reading the Book

•What is the raison d’etre of the book?  For what purpose did the author write the book?  Why do people read this book?
•What are some limitations of the book?
•To whom would you suggest this book?
•How do smart phones affect the ability to think?
•What is the efficiency paradox?  
•What is the slavery of infinite availability? 
•How has Artificial intelligence transformed work?
•How have people changed their working life expectations? 
•What is the Brain Overload? 
•What is a recovery cycle? 
•What is the infinite scroll? 
•What is Attention Debt? 
•How does the brain multitask?  
•What is dopamine released?  
•What is the effect of boredom?
•What happens when more thinking is delegated to artificial intelligence?
•What is the Cognitive Resistance System?
•What is the effect of reading? 

Book Details
This edition of the book was provided by the author.
For more information, see book webpage.
Publisher:               Self Published
Edition ISBN:         9798255824854
Pages to read:          124
Publication:             2026
1st Edition:              2026
Format:                    eBook 

Ratings out of 5:
Readability    5
Content          5
Overall          5






Thursday, October 1, 2026

Review of The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot

This book review was written by Eugene Kernes   

Book can be found in: 
Intriguing Connections = 1) Get To Know The Peoples Of The World (United Kingdom), 


Watch Short Review

Excerpts

“While the possible troubles of Maggie’s future were occupying her father’s mind, she herself was tasting only the bitterness of the present.  Childhood has no forebodings, but then, it is soothed by no memories of outlived sorrow.” – George Eliot, Book One: Chapter 9: To Garum Firs, Page 94


“This, he considered, was the only basis of solid instruction; all other means of education were mere charlatanism and could produce nothing better than smatterers.  Fixed on this firm basis, a man might observe the display of various or special knowledge made by irregularly educated people with a pitying smile; all that sort of thing was very well, but it was impossible these people could form sound opinions.” – George Eliot, Book Two: Chapter 1: Tom’s “First Half”, Pages 149-150


“But the constant presence of her mother’s regretful bewilderment was less painful to Maggie than that of her father’s sullen incommunicative depression.  As long as the paralysis was upon him, and it seemed as if he might always be in a childlike condition of dependence, as long as he was still only half-awakened to his trouble, Maggie had felt the strong tide of pitying love almost as an inspiration, a new power that would make the most difficult life easy for his sake; but now, instead of childlike dependence there had come a taciturn hard concentration of purpose, in strange contrast with his old vehement communicativeness and high spirit; and this lasted from day to day and from week to week, the dull eye never brightening with any eagerness or any joy.” – George Eliot, Book Four: Chapter 2: The Torn Nest is Pierced By The Thorns, Page 292


Review

Is This An Overview?

Mr. Tulliver wants Tom to get an education, to become more than a miller.  While Tom is getting an education, Mr. Tulliver loses a lawsuit that costs the mill, property, and money.  Mr. Tulliver becomes financially indebted, and has to suffer humiliation.  Throughout the difficulties, Tom has conflicts with Tom’s sister, Maggie.  While Tom works furiously to pay back the debts, Maggie cares for Mr. Tulliver.  Although the siblings were very close, their personalities clash.  Maggie has to suffer moral indignation due to cultural expectations of who Maggie is meant to be with.  What happens to the siblings?

 

Caveats?

This book can be difficult to read.  The content is provided with lengthy prose, that has elegance but delays getting to the substance of what is happening.


Questions to Consider while Reading the Book

•What is the raison d’etre of the book?  For what purpose did the author write the book?  Why do people read this book?
•What are some limitations of the book?
•To whom would you suggest this book?
•Who is Mr. Tulliver?
•What happened to Tulliver’s mill?
•What education did Tulliver want to provide for Tom?
•Who is Tom?
•Who is Maggie?
•What do children consider?  
•Who is Mr. Stelling and what is Mr. Stelling views on education?
•What is the effect of fear?
•Who is Philip?
•Who is Mr. Wakem?
•What books are discussed?
•What was the role of women?
•Who is Lucy?
•Who is Stephen?

Book Details
Afterword Author:   Morton Berman
Publisher:               Signet Classic
Edition ISBN:         0451519221
Pages to read:          548
Publication:             1965
1st Edition:              1860
Format:                    Paperback 

Ratings out of 5:
Readability    2
Content          1
Overall          1